skaills

HR & Recruitment Glossary

140+ terms, from sourcing to retention, explained in plain language with links to the skaills tools that put them into practice.

140 results

A

Adverse impact

When a selection requirement or method, though neutral on its face, disproportionately affects a protected group — for example, by gender, age or disability. It is detected by comparing selection rates across groups, not by examining individual cases.

Algorithmic bias

When an automated system — résumé filter, scoring model — reproduces or amplifies discrimination patterns present in the data it was trained on. It requires periodic audits and human review of the decisions it assists.

Assessment center

A one-or-more-day evaluation process with multiple candidates and assessors, combining tests, group exercises, simulations and interviews. It is mostly used for leadership roles or graduate programs.

Attrition rate

Similar to turnover, but often refers specifically to departures that are not replaced, as part of a natural headcount reduction rather than active layoffs. Usage varies between organizations, so it is worth defining explicitly when reporting it.

B

Background check

Confirming information the candidate provided — identity, education, judicial record where legally applicable — before formalizing an offer. It should be limited to what is job-relevant and comply with local privacy law.

Behavioral interview

An interview style that asks for concrete examples of past behavior — "tell me about a time when…" — on the premise that past behavior predicts future behavior. It is often structured with the STAR method: situation, task, action, result.

Big Five (OCEAN)

The personality model with the strongest academic research backing, describing people across five dimensions: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and emotional stability (OCEAN). Its results are continuous, not fixed type categories.

Blind hiring

Removing details such as name, photo or age from résumés or assessments before the initial review, to reduce unconscious bias. It pairs well with skills tests that evaluate performance rather than identity.

Boomerang employee

Someone who leaves the organization and later returns, sometimes years later, bringing new skills and without the learning curve of an external candidate. Maintaining a good relationship at the time of departure is what makes this return possible.

Burnout

A state of physical and emotional exhaustion caused by chronic, sustained work stress, recognized by the WHO as an occupational phenomenon. It shows up as cynicism, reduced efficacy and disengagement, and often precedes turnover.

C

Candidate experience

How a person experiences the entire application process, from seeing the posting to hearing back, whether or not they get the job. A poor experience damages the employer brand even when the hire itself goes well.

Candidate persona

A semi-fictional representation of the ideal candidate for a role — their motivations, where they look for jobs, and what matters to them when deciding. It helps write sharper job posts and sourcing messages.

Candidate Relationship Management (CRM)

The practice and tools for staying in touch with candidates over time, even when there is no open role for them right now. It turns unsuccessful processes into future opportunities.

Career ladder

The formal sequence of levels and titles within a single function — for example, analyst, senior analyst, team lead — that defines vertical progression. It differs from career pathing, which also considers lateral moves between functions.

Career pathing

Designing and communicating possible growth trajectories within the organization, so an employee sees a future there instead of looking outside for one. It rests on job architecture and skills adjacency.

Change management

The set of practices for helping people and teams move through a transformation — technological, structural, cultural — while minimizing resistance and lost productivity. Transparent communication and early involvement are its two most consistent levers.

Climate survey

An instrument that measures how employees perceive the work environment across dimensions like leadership, communication, recognition and working conditions. Run anonymously and periodically, it allows trends to be compared across departments and over time.

Cognitive aptitude test

An assessment of numerical, verbal and abstract reasoning that measures the capacity to learn and solve new problems, not acquired knowledge. It is one of the most consistent predictors of job performance in personnel-selection research.

Compensation and benefits (C&B)

The HR discipline dedicated to designing salary, bonuses, benefits and internal equity, so they are externally competitive and internally fair. It is both an administrative function and an attraction and retention tool.

Compensation benchmarking

Comparing what an organization pays against the market, using salary survey data, for equivalent roles. It prevents misaligned offers that lose candidates or unnecessarily inflate costs.

Competency framework

The structured set of competencies an organization expects from a role or level, with defined proficiency levels for each one. It brings consistency to hiring, performance review and development.

Continuous feedback loop

A system of frequent, informal feedback between manager and employee, rather than relying solely on the annual review. It course-corrects while it is still easy to do so.

Counteroffer

When a candidate's current employer improves their terms to retain them after the person announces their resignation or receives another offer. Accepting it solves the immediate problem, but rarely fixes the underlying reason they were looking to leave.

Culture fit and culture add

"Culture fit" assesses how well someone aligns with the existing culture; "culture add" instead asks what new, valuable perspective that person would bring. The second framing prevents "fit" from becoming an excuse to homogenize the team.

D

Data-driven HR

An approach to people management that grounds decisions — hiring, compensation, development — in measurable evidence, rather than tradition or intuition alone. It does not replace human judgment; it informs it.

DISC assessment

A behavioral model that places a person across four styles — Dominance, Influence, Steadiness, Conscientiousness — most useful for understanding communication and teamwork style. It is more practical than predictive, and works best paired with aptitude testing.

Diversity, Equity & Inclusion (DEI)

A set of practices aimed at representing different groups (diversity), giving fair access to opportunity (equity), and making everyone feel valued (inclusion) within the organization. It differs from a quota: it seeks to remove barriers, not impose outcomes.

E

Employee lifecycle

The set of stages a person moves through within an organization, from recruitment and onboarding through development, retention and offboarding. Each stage shapes the perception of the ones that follow.

Employee Net Promoter Score (eNPS)

A single-question metric — "how likely are you to recommend this organization as a place to work?" — used as a fast, comparable pulse of employee sentiment over time.

Employee referral program

A scheme that incentivizes current employees to recommend candidates, often with a bonus if the person is hired and stays for a set period. It tends to produce faster hires with better retention.

Employee Value Proposition (EVP)

What an organization offers in exchange for a person's work, beyond salary: purpose, development, flexibility, community. It is the core promise behind the employer brand.

Employer of Record (EOR)

A third party that legally employs a worker on behalf of another company, handling payroll, taxes and local labor compliance. It allows hiring in a country without opening a legal entity there.

Engagement survey

A periodic questionnaire measuring how connected and motivated employees feel toward their work and the organization. Unlike a climate survey, it focuses specifically on energy and commitment, not the overall environment.

Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO)

The principle and legal framework prohibiting employment discrimination based on characteristics such as race, gender, age, religion, marital status or disability. In most legislation, including the Dominican Labour Code, these characteristics are not valid selection criteria.

ESCO

The European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations classification, maintained by the European Commission. It links occupations to the specific skills they require, across multiple languages.

Evergreen requisition

An opening that stays permanently posted because the role has constant turnover or high demand, such as sales or cashier positions. It feeds a candidate pool that is ready when the real need arises.

F

Fit-gap analysis

Comparing a candidate's profile against a role's requirements to explicitly and documentedly identify what matches and what is missing. It is the technical basis behind any fit score.

Flexible work arrangement

Any arrangement that departs from the traditional fixed office schedule — compressed hours, staggered shifts, a four-day week — to give employees more control over when and where they work.

Full-cycle recruiting

A model where a single recruiter owns a requisition from opening to onboarding, rather than splitting each stage among specialists. It works well in small teams or highly specialized roles.

G

Ghosting

When a candidate or an employer cuts off all communication without explanation, at any point in the process. It has become common in high-turnover markets and often signals a process that was too slow or too opaque.

Gig economy

The labor market made up of independent, freelance or project-based work, rather than traditional full-time employment. It changes HR's relationship with the people contributing work without being formal employees.

H

Halo effect and horn effect

When a single positive (halo) or negative (horn) impression — a good joke, an awkward handshake — colors the entire subsequent evaluation of a candidate, unrelated to the actual competencies for the role. A structured interview with a rubric is the most effective defense.

Headcount planning

Projecting how many people, in which roles and with what budget, an organization will need in a future period. It directly connects business strategy to the hiring plan.

Headhunting

A direct, confidential search for a specific person for a high-impact role, usually without posting the opening. It is used for senior positions or roles too hard to fill through conventional sourcing.

High-potential employee (HiPo)

An employee identified for their capacity to take on significantly greater responsibility in the future, not just for strong current performance. High performance and high potential are distinct assessments, even though they are often conflated.

Hiring manager

The person who will manage the new employee and makes the final hiring decision, distinct from the recruiter who runs the process. Their clarity about what the role truly needs is decisive for the quality of the hire.

Hiring velocity

How quickly an organization moves candidates from one stage to the next, distinct from total time-to-hire. Low velocity at a single stage is often the root cause of an overall slow process.

HR Business Partner (HRBP)

An HR professional assigned to a specific business unit, combining people expertise with deep understanding of that area to advise its leaders. They act as a bridge between business strategy and HR practice.

HR Information System (HRIS)

The central platform that stores and manages employee data: contracts, payroll, absences, role history. It is the source of truth that people analytics rests on.

Human capital

The economic value contributed by the skills, knowledge and collective experience of an organization's people. It frames people as an investment to be developed, not just a cost to be managed.

Hybrid work

A model combining in-office and remote work days, usually with explicit rules about which days and for what purpose people are in the office. Its success depends more on policy clarity than on the exact day split.

I

Inclusive language

Writing job posts without terms that, unintentionally, discourage certain groups from applying — such as gendered jargon, excessive corporate-speak, or inflated requirement lists. It widens the pool of qualified applicants.

Induction program

The initial phase, typically the first days, within onboarding, focused on orienting people to policies, tools and organizational culture. It is the first slice of a broader onboarding, not a synonym for it.

Internal mobility

The practice of filling openings or projects with employees already inside the organization, rather than hiring only from outside. It is typically faster, cheaper and produces better retention than external hiring.

J

Job architecture

The system that organizes every role in an organization into families, levels and bands, consistently across departments. It is the technical foundation on which pay equity and career paths are built.

Job description

The internal document detailing responsibilities, reporting line, required competencies and conditions for a role. It underpins both the published job ad and later performance evaluation.

Job evaluation

The systematic method for determining a role's relative value within the organization, based on factors like responsibility, complexity and impact. It is distinct from performance evaluation: it values the role, not the person occupying it.

Job shadowing

When a person closely follows an employee through their actual workday to understand a role before applying, or as part of onboarding. It gives a more honest picture of the job than any written description.

K

Key Performance Indicator (KPI)

A quantifiable metric deliberately chosen to reflect whether progress is being made toward a specific goal. In HR, typical examples include time-to-hire, turnover, and offer acceptance rate.

Knockout question

A yes-or-no requirement — legal age, driving license, shift availability — that automatically screens out anyone who does not meet it, regardless of the rest of their profile. It should be limited to genuinely indispensable conditions, not preferences.

L

Labour Code

The national legislation governing the employment relationship: hiring, working hours, notice, severance and grounds for dismissal. In the Dominican Republic, Law 16-92 governs, and it also establishes that criteria such as marital status or age are not valid reasons to deny employment.

Leadership pipeline

The set of employees identified and in development to fill future leadership roles within the organization. Its absence forces the organization to look outside for leadership every time, at higher risk and cost.

M

N

Notice period

The time, defined by law or contract, that must pass between a resignation or dismissal announcement and the person's actual departure. It gives room for handing off responsibilities and searching for a replacement.

O

Offboarding

The structured process for managing an employee's departure — knowledge transfer, administrative closure, exit interview — in an orderly and respectful way, whatever the reason for leaving.

Offer letter

The formal document proposing the role, compensation and conditions to a selected candidate, before the final contract is signed. Its clarity reduces misunderstandings and last-minute renegotiations.

Onboarding

The structured process that helps a new person become productive and feel part of the team, from contract signing through the first months. Strong onboarding significantly reduces early-stage turnover.

Org design

Structuring how roles, teams and reporting lines are grouped so the organization can execute its strategy efficiently. It changes with size, market and business model — it is never final.

Overqualified candidate

Someone whose skills or experience clearly exceed what the role requires, raising legitimate questions about true motivation and the risk of an early exit. It is worth asking directly why the role interests them, rather than screening them out automatically.

P

Panel interview

Multiple interviewers assess the same candidate in a single session, contributing different perspectives — technical, cultural, leadership — and reducing single-evaluator bias.

Passive candidate

Someone currently employed and not actively job-hunting, who would nonetheless consider a compelling offer. This is often the most contested talent, since reaching them requires a different approach than sourcing active applicants.

Pay equity

The principle of paying the same for work of equal value, without unjustified differences by gender, age or other protected traits. It is audited by comparing pay between people in equivalent roles, not by comparing broad organizational averages.

Performance Improvement Plan (PIP)

A formal document, with specific goals and timelines, that gives an underperforming employee a structured chance to improve before more drastic steps are considered. Used well it is a development tool; used poorly, it is a pre-dismissal formality without a real attempt to help.

Personality assessment

An instrument that measures stable behavioral and preference traits — such as the Big Five model or DISC — to anticipate a person's working style, not their ability. It works best as a complement to other assessments, never in isolation.

Prescreening questions

A small set of questions, sometimes automated, that filters candidates before the first human call. It checks hard requirements — availability, location, licenses — so the team does not spend time on obvious mismatches.

Prompt engineering in HR

The practical skill of formulating clear, specific instructions to an AI assistant — to draft a job post, summarize a candidate profile, or prepare interview questions — and getting useful, reviewable output. It is fast becoming an expected competency of the HR professional, not a separate technical specialty.

Psychometric testing

The umbrella term for standardized, scientifically validated instruments that measure cognitive ability, personality or aptitude. Their value rests on two technical properties: reliability (consistent results) and validity (measuring what it claims to measure).

Q

Quality of hire

A metric that measures how well hired people actually perform once in the role — performance, retention, cultural fit — against what was expected during the process. It closes the loop between selection and real outcome.

Quiet quitting

When an employee stops doing more than strictly required, without formally resigning, usually in response to a lack of recognition or healthy boundaries. It is a disengagement signal that a climate survey typically catches before the actual departure.

R

Recruitment marketing

Applying marketing techniques — content, segmentation, funnels — to attract talent before an open role even exists. It treats future candidates as an audience to nurture, not just recruit when a need becomes urgent.

Recruitment Process Outsourcing (RPO)

Delegating part or all of the hiring process to an external provider that acts as an extension of the HR team. It is typically used to absorb volume spikes or access specialized expertise without growing headcount.

Reference check

Contacting a candidate's former supervisors or colleagues to confirm their actual performance and behavior. It is most useful when the questions are specific and behavioral, not just 'would you recommend them?'

Regretted attrition

The departure of a high-performing employee the organization would have preferred to keep, as opposed to a departure that actually relieves a problem. Distinguishing it from general turnover is key to prioritizing retention efforts.

Rejection letter

The formal communication informing a candidate they were not selected. When timely, specific and respectful, it preserves the relationship for future openings and protects the employer brand.

Remote work policy

The set of rules defining who can work remotely, from where, with what equipment, and under what availability expectations. Without it, remote work tends to create inequity between teams.

Reskilling

Training an employee in a different set of skills than they use today, so they can perform a different role — typically because their current one is being automated or discontinued. It leans on skills adjacency to shorten the path.

Retention rate

The percentage of employees who remain with the organization over a given period. It is the mirror of turnover and, alongside it, the most-cited metric for judging workforce health.

S

Severance pay

The financial compensation law or contract requires upon ending an employment relationship, calculated by tenure and reason for departure. Calculating it correctly requires precise knowledge of the applicable local labour code.

Skills gap analysis

Comparing the competencies a team or individual has today against what they will need, to target training investment where it actually matters. It is the starting point of any serious reskilling or upskilling plan.

Skills taxonomy

A standardized, hierarchical vocabulary of skills — such as ESCO or O*NET — that lets competencies be compared across organizations and systems, instead of every company inventing its own language.

Skills-based hiring

Evaluating candidates by what they can do — demonstrated through tests or work samples — rather than filtering solely on university degree or years of experience. It widens the pool of qualified candidates, especially among those who learned their trade outside the traditional system.

Social recruiting

Using LinkedIn, Instagram or other platforms to post openings, show organizational culture and attract passive candidates. It works best when it complements, rather than replaces, a structured selection process.

Sourcing

The proactive search for people who match a role, rather than waiting for them to apply. It combines internal databases, professional networks and referrals.

Stay interview

A conversation with a current, valued employee about what keeps them and what might make them leave. Unlike an exit interview, it happens early enough to act on.

T

Talent marketplace

An internal platform where employees explore openings, temporary projects or mentorships within the same organization, matched to their skills and interests. It favors internal mobility over external hiring.

Talent pipeline

A continuous flow of pre-qualified candidates for roles likely to open, built before the urgency exists. It shortens time-to-hire once the vacancy actually appears.

Technical assessment

A test designed to verify mastery of role-specific technical skills — accounting, programming, machine operation — beyond what a résumé claims.

Temp-to-hire

An arrangement where someone starts on a temporary contract, usually through an agency, with the possibility of moving to permanent employment if performance and fit are strong. It reduces the risk of an uncertain permanent hire.

Tenure

The length of time a person has worked in a role or organization. It is used both to calculate benefits and notice, and to segment retention analysis by seniority.

Termination for cause

The end of the employment relationship triggered by a serious employee misconduct or breach, with different legal and severance implications than a dismissal without cause. It requires careful documentation to hold up legally.

Time-to-fill

The number of days between a requisition opening and an offer being accepted, measured from the organization's perspective. It differs from time-to-hire in that it starts earlier — from the role opening, not the first application.

Time-to-productivity

How long a new employee takes to reach the expected performance level in their role. Well-designed onboarding measurably shortens it.

Total rewards

The complete sum of what an employee receives in exchange for their work: salary, bonuses, benefits, professional development and flexibility — not just base pay. It frames the real value proposition to a candidate or employee more accurately.

Training needs analysis

A systematic diagnosis of what training a team actually needs, based on identified competency gaps, before designing or buying any program. It avoids investing in generic training that does not solve the real problem.

U

Unconscious bias

Automatic, non-deliberate judgments a person makes about another based on traits like accent, appearance or name. Structured, standardized assessment methods exist, in large part, to reduce its influence on the decision.

Underrepresented group

A demographic group present in an organization's workforce at a lower rate than in the broader labor market or population. Identifying it is the first step, not the final goal, of a serious DEI strategy.

Upskilling

Deepening the skills an employee already uses in their current role, so they perform at a higher level within the same function. Unlike reskilling, it does not change direction — it just raises the bar.

V

Vacancy

An open, available position within an organization, approved and ready to be filled. It is the visible starting point of the entire recruitment funnel.

Values fit

How closely a person's principles and priorities align with the organization's stated values, assessed through situational questions rather than a simple claim of sharing them.

Vesting schedule

The timeline under which an employee irrevocably earns rights to shares, options or pension contributions, usually progressively. It incentivizes tenure without legally requiring it.

Video interview

An interview conducted over video, live or pre-recorded, which widens geographic reach and speeds up early stages. It should follow the same structured rigor as an in-person interview so it does not lose predictive validity.

Voluntary and involuntary turnover

The distinction between people who leave by their own choice (voluntary) and those let go by the organization (involuntary). Analyzing them separately reveals very different stories hidden inside one overall turnover figure.

W

Work sample test

Asking the candidate to perform a task representative of the actual job — write code, draft an email, solve a case — rather than just discussing their experience. It is one of the strongest predictors of future performance.

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